Before the deposition on the Er:Al2O3 Lively material, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the mode transition tapers as well as mode converters have been protected which has a 800?nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n?~1.45) to forestall their coating with the active content, as revealed in Fig. one. The HSQ cladding was… Read More